Hangeul was created King Sejong and consists a total of 24 basic characters: 14 consonants and 10 vowels. All Korean words are made up of syllables which always beings with a consonant and has at least 1 consonant and 1 vowel.
This video pretty much explains how the words are formed:
Consonants
ㄱ (g/k)
ㅋ (kh)
ㄲ (g - sounds like 个)
ㄴ (n)
ㄷ(d/t)
ㅌ(t)
ㄸ (d- sounds like 的)
ㄹ(l/r)
ㅁ(m)
ㅂ(b/p)
ㅍ (ph)
ㅃ (p)
ㅅ (s)
ㅆ (sh - 是)
ㅇ (silent or ng)
ㅈ (c/j)
ㅊ (ch)
ㅉ (c - sounds a little like 字)
ㅎ (h)
Vowels
ㅏ (a/ah)
ㅑ (ya)
ㅓ (eo)
ㅕ (yeo)
ㅗ (o)
ㅛ (yo)
ㅜ (u)
ㅠ (yu)
ㅡ (eu)
ㅢ (eui)
ㅣ (yi)
ㅔ (ae)
ㅖ (yae)
ㅐ (e)
ㅒ (ye)
ㅘ (wa)
ㅚ ( oe)
ㅟ (wyi)
ㅞ (we)
ㅙ (wae)
For a more detailed explanation this video pretty much says it all. I think she does a good job with the explanation, pretty good to get started on revision and even self-studying(for those who have the discipline):
So when you put a consonant and a vowel, it forms a word:
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